Sadaqah is a charity that is given to get rid of and keep away evil and mishaps, for curing the sick, or for getting blessings and good fortune. It is one of the most beautiful and accessible forms of worship in Islam precisely because it has no fixed amount, no specific time, and no complex calculation involved. It is purely voluntary giving from the heart for the sake of God.
Sadaqah is specifically given to the poor or anyone in need. However if one does not have a specific recipient in mind, they can intend a general Sadaqah which can be spent on any general Islamic need. This flexibility makes Sadaqah one of the most versatile forms of giving in Islam.
Sadaqah is a highly recommended act in Islam. While it is not obligatory the way Khums or Zakat al-Fitrah are, it carries enormous spiritual reward and it is something the Prophet and the Imams emphasized consistently and repeatedly throughout their lives and teachings.
The spiritual benefits of Sadaqah go beyond the act of giving itself. It is understood in Islamic tradition that Sadaqah protects a person from calamity, drives away hardship, and brings blessings into a person's life. When you are facing difficulty, illness, or fear of something, giving Sadaqah is a deeply recommended response. It is not a superstition but a spiritual reality that Islam acknowledges and teaches.
There is no distinction in Sadaqah between Sayyids and non-Sayyids in terms of who gives it. Anyone can give Sadaqah at any time. However when it comes to recipients, general Sadaqah can go to anyone in need regardless of lineage, which makes it different from the Sayyid-specific share of Khums.
For a new Muslim, Sadaqah is the entry point into the Islamic culture of generosity. You do not need to wait until you are wealthy. You do not need to calculate a threshold. You do not need a specific occasion. You can give whatever you have, whenever you want, to whoever is in need, and every sincere act of giving for the sake of God counts.